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| Last update February 20 |
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現在地→ | 英語雑貨屋トップ | 英語用語集 | 英語独学室 | 英語資料室/英語で学ぶ他の教科 | 英語なんてタコ | |
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Mathematics 口語ではカンタンに略して Math(s) などと言いますが、文科系の人間にとっては決してカンタンではない数学。今でも夢にみる黒板での発表。「どーせ、わからないから」と安易に友人のノートを書き写した筆者であったが、1行書きモレがあり、「キミ、わかってないね。みんなはわかるねー」とみんなの前でイヤミを言ってくださったあの先生、お元気ですかー。ということで、今回は「数学―統計グラフなどなど」です。 |
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グラフのいろいろ |
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 棒グラフ a bar graph; a column graph |
 折れ線グラフ a line graph |
 円グラフ a pie chart; a circle graph |
 帯グラフ a rectangular graph |
 面グラフ an area graph |
 ドーナツグラフ a doughnut chart |
 バブルグラフ a bubble graph |
 レーダーチャート a radar chart; a spider graph (diagram) |
 等高線グラフ a contour graph |
 ヒストグラム a histogram |
 散布図 a scatterplot |
 箱ヒゲ図（株価チャート） a box and whisker plot |
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こうしてみると、いろいろあるグラフの種類ですが、もう少しグラフについての説明を見てみましょう。 と言っても、せっかくの「英語で○○」のコーナーですから、英語で読んでみたいと思います。以下の説明は http://www.statcan.ca/ およびその他のサイトから拝借しました。 |
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What is a graph? A graph is a visual representation of a relationship between, but not restricted to, two variables. A graph generally takes the form of a one- or two-dimensional figure such as a scatterplot. A graph commonly consists of two axes called the x-axis (horizontal) and y-axis (vertical). Each axis corresponds to one variable. The axes are labelled with different names, such as Price and Quantity. The place where the two axes intersect is called the origin. The origin is also identified as the point (0,0). A point on a graph represents a relationship. Each point is defined by a pair of numbers containing two co-ordinates (x and y). A co-ordinate is one of a set of numbers used to identify the location of a point on a graph. |
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Bar Graphs A bar graph may be either horizontal or vertical. The important point to note about bar graphs is their bar length or height--the greater their length or height, the greater their value. Bar graphs are one of the many techniques used to present data in a visual form so that the reader may readily recognize patterns or trends. Bar graphs usually present categorical and numeric variables grouped in class intervals. They consist of an axis and a series or labeled horizontal or vertical bars. The bars depict frequencies of different values of a variable or simply the different values themselves. The numbers on the x-axis of a bar graph or the y-axis of a column graph are called the scale. |
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Histograms The histogram is a popular graphing tool. It is used for variables whose values are numerical and measured on an interval scale. It is generally used when dealing with large data sets (greater than 100 observations). A histogram can also help detect any unusual observations (outliers) or any gaps in the data. A bar chart can be used for qualitative classes (e.g. Red, Blue, Green) or discrete quantitative classes (e.g. shoe size), whereas a histogram can be used for continuous variables. In a bar chart, the bars are of equal width (and should be spaced), and the height of the bar represents the frequency. In a histogram, the area should be proportional to the frequency, so that the x-axis represents the continuous variable, and the height represents a constant multiplied by the frequency density. |
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Box-and-whisker Plots The box-and-whisker plot summarizes data using the median, the upper and lower quartiles, and the extreme values (outliers). In a box and whisker plot, a box is drawn around the quartile values, and the whiskers extend from each quartile to the extreme data points. 
The box-and-whisker plot is good at showing the extreme values and the range of middle values of your data. The box shows us the middle values of a variable, while the whiskers stretch to the greatest and lowest value of that variable.Median - the middle of the data when it is arranged in order from least to greatest. Lower quartile or 25th percentile - the median of the lower half of the data. Upper quartile or 75th percentile - the median of the upper half of the data. Minimum value - the smallest observation value. Maximum value - the largest observation value. |
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| ということで、やはり、苦手なものは疲れます。しかし、翻訳などの仕事をやっていると、苦手な分野などと言っておられません。何が出てくるかわからない。もちろん、一からやり直すなどという余裕はありませんが、何事にも多少は興味を持って「つまみ食い」をするという態度が必要なのかもしれません。 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
統計・数学関連の用語をもっと知りたい方へ、こんなサイト見つけました。http://www.qmss.jp/qmss/glossary/stat-glossary-ej.htm
