レクシカル・セット (Lexical Set)
母音発音の基準となる語彙群
各国（地域）の英語の発音を比較する際に基準とするのが、音声学者ジョン・ウェルズ (John C. Wells) によって考案されたレクシカル・セット (Lexical Set) と呼ばれる語彙群です。レクシカル・セットは、キーワードとなる単語とそれぞれのキーワードを代表する単語例とで構成され、それぞれのキーワードの母音が各国でどのように発音されるかをまとめると以下の表のようになります（あくまでも目安です）。
RP = Received Pronunciation / GA = General American / CE = Canadian English / AE = Australian English / IE = Irish English /
NZ = New Zealand English / SE = Scotish English / WE = Welsh English / 発音表記中のピリオド (.) は二重母音でないことを表す
| キーワード |
RP |
GA |
CE |
AE |
NZ |
SE |
IE |
WE |
単語例 |
| KIT |
ɪ |
ɪ |
ɪ |
ɪ |
ɘ |
ɪ |
ɪ |
ɪ |
ship, rip, dim, spirit |
| DRESS |
e
ɛ |
ɛ |
ɛ |
e |
e
ɪ |
ɛ |
ɛ |
ɛ |
step, ebb, hem, terror |
| TRAP |
æ |
æ |
æ |
æ
æ |
ɛ |
a |
ɑ
a
æ |
a |
trap, lad, bad, cat |
| LOT |
ɒ |
ɑ
ɔ |
ɑ
ɒ |
ɔ |
ɔ |
ɔ |
ɑ |
ɒ |
cot, bother, stop, rob, not |
| STRUT |
ʌ |
ʌ |
ʌ |
a |
ɐ |
ʌ |
ʊ |
ə
ɜ |
strut, run, won, flood |
| FOOT |
ʊ |
ʊ |
ʊ |
ʊ |
ʊ
ɵ |
ʉ |
ʊ
u |
ʊ |
foot, full, look, could |
| BATH |
ɑ |
æ |
æ |
a |
ɐ |
a |
ɑ
a
æ |
a |
bath, pass, path, dance |
| CLOTH |
ɒ |
ɔ
ɑ |
ɑ
ɒ |
ɔ |
ɔ |
ɔ |
ɑ |
ɒ |
loss, long, dog |
| NURSE |
ə(ɜ) |
ɝ |
ɝ |
ɜ |
ɵ |
ʌr
ɛr
ɪr |
ɔ(ʊ)r
ɛr
ɪr |
ɜ |
curd,
herd, earth,
bird |
| FLEECE |
i |
i |
i |
ɪi |
ɘi |
i |
i
e |
i |
see, seed, key, seize |
| FACE |
e(ɛ)ɪ |
eɪ |
eɪ |
æɪ |
æe |
e |
e |
e
ei |
date,
day, pain, rein |
| PALM |
ɑ |
ɑ |
ɑ |
a |
ɐ |
a |
a |
ɑ |
calm, father |
| THOUGHT |
ɔ |
ɔ |
ɑ
ɒ |
o |
o |
ɔ |
ɒ
ɔ |
ɒ |
law, caught, halt, talk |
| GOAT |
əʊ |
oʊ |
oʊ |
əʉ(ɐʉ)
ɔʊ |
ɑʉ
ɔʊ |
o |
o(əʊ) |
o
ou |
no, soap,
soul, cold |
| GOOSE |
u |
u |
u |
ʉ |
ʉ |
ʉ |
u |
u |
through, you |
| PRICE |
aɪ |
aɪ |
ʌ(ɑ)ɪ |
ɑe |
ɐe |
əi(ae) |
ə(ɔ)ɪ |
ai |
my, wise, high, flight, mice |
| CHOICE |
ɔɪ |
ɔɪ |
ɔɪ |
oɪ |
oe |
oi |
ɔ(o)ɪ |
ɒi |
boy, void, coin |
| MOUTH |
aʊ |
aʊ |
ʌ(ɛ)(o)ʊ |
æɔ |
æo |
ʌu |
a(ɛ)ʊ |
au |
now, trout |
| NEAR |
ɪə |
ɪɚ |
ɪɚ |
ɪ
ɪ.a |
iə |
ir |
ir |
ɪə |
deer, here |
| SQUARE |
ɛə |
ɛɚ |
ɛɚ |
e
e.a |
iə |
er |
er |
ɛ |
Mary, mare, there, bear |
| START |
ɑ |
ɑr |
ɑr |
a |
ɐ |
ar |
ar |
a |
arm, car |
| NORTH |
ɔ |
ɔr |
ɔr |
o |
o |
ɔr |
ɒr |
ɒ |
horse, sort, warm |
| FORCE |
ɔ |
ɔr |
ɔr |
o |
o |
or |
or |
o |
hoarse, tore, boar, port |
| CURE |
ʊə(ɔ)
jʊə(ɔ) |
ʊɚ
jʊɚ |
ʊɚ
jʊɚ |
ʉ.ə
jʉ.ə |
ʉ.ɐ
jʉ.ɐ |
ur
jur |
ur
jur |
ʊə
jʊə |
tour, poor
pure, Europe |
| COMMA |
ə |
ə |
ə |
ə |
ə |
ə |
ə |
ə |
about |
| HAPPY |
i |
i |
i |
i |
i |
i(e) |
i |
i |
city |
| LETTER |
ə |
ɚ |
ɚ |
ə |
ə |
ə |
ɚ |
ə |
winner, massacre |
| キーワード |
RP |
GA |
CE |
AE |
NZ |
SE |
IE |
WE |
単語例 |
|
